New working paper published in the CISS Munich series

22 October 2025

The military lessons learned from the Gaza War are examined in the new CISS Munich Working Paper by Julian Werner. The study explains why urban combat remains infantry-centric, complex and costly in terms of casualties, even in the 21st century. It also considers the limitations of high-tech weapons in urban areas and why military success is ineffective without a follow-up political strategy. With regard to the Bundeswehr, the study formulates concrete conclusions for training, mission preparation and the integration of reserves. 

The article can be downloaded here.

More information on the Working Paper Series of CISS Munich can be found here.

 

Picture: CISS